Ruta metodológica para prácticas interdisciplinarias integradas en Atención Primaria en Salud

Introducción: A formación interdisciplinar en el marco de la atención primaria en salud (APS) permite la apertura a nuevos conocimientos, un abordaje integral a realidades complejas en los territorios y la articulación entre actores. Esto posibilita mejores resultados tanto para las comunidades, en la resolución de sus necesidades y problemas, como para los profesionales que vinculan a su formación el concepto y práctica de la APS. Objetivo: Diseñar una ruta metodológica para la implementación de prácticas interdisciplinarias integradas con enfoque territorial, en el marco de la APS. Metodología: Es un proyecto de interacción social, cualitativo, basado en los postulados del paradigma crítico social y bajo las premisas de la educación popular y la acción participativa, cuyo proceso de desarrollo estuvo enmarcado en la construcción colectiva con estudiantes y docentes de las diferentes unidades académicas participantes, así como con líderes sociales, comunitarios, institucionales y políticos de los territorios vinculados. Por ello, la construcción de la ruta privilegia la participación de estos, de forma horizontal en cada uno de los momentos del proyecto: diagnóstico, sistematización y validación. Resultados: Se creó una ruta metodológica en cuatro fases: aprestamiento, planeación, ejecución y evaluación, cada una con diferentes momentos. Discusión: Pese a que no se encontraron otros referentes de rutas metodológicas de prácticas interdisciplinarias integradas, la discusión se centra en los conceptos de educación para la salud, APS e interdisciplinariedad y sus implicaciones, tanto para los procesos de formación como para el abordaje interdisciplinario de las necesidades en los territorios. Conclusiones: La cogestión de actores comunitarios, institucionales de los territorios y de la universidad son cruciales para desarrollar los propósitos de formación y aportar a la resolución de necesidades y problemas priorizados, en el marco de la APS, entendiendo la comunidad como un sujeto de acompañamiento mediante prácticas interdisciplinarias integradas y no como un objeto de intervención para lograr propósitos formativos.

Introduction: Interdisciplinary training within the framework of primary health care (PHC) allows the opening to new knowledge, a comprehensive approach to complex realities in the territories and the articulation among actors. This enables better results both for the communities in the resolution of their needs and problems and for the professionals who link the concept and practice of PHC to their training. Objective: To design a methodological route for the implementation of integrated interdisciplinary practices with a territorial approach, within the PHC framework. Methodology: It is a social interaction project, qualitative, based on the postulates of the critical social paradigm and under the premises of popular education and participatory action, whose development process was framed in the collective construction with students and professors of the different participating academic units, as well as with social, community, institutional and political leaders of the linked territories. For this reason, the construction of the route privileges their participation horizontally in each of the moments of the project: diagnosis, systematization and validation. Results: a methodological route was created in 4 phases: preparation, planning, execution and evaluation, each with different moments. Discussion: Although no other references of methodological routes of integrated interdisciplinary practices were found, the discussion focuses on the concepts of health education, PHC and interdisciplinarity and their implications both for training processes and for the interdisciplinary approach to the needs in the territories. Conclusions: The co-management of community and institutional actors of the territories and the University are crucial to develop training purposes and contribute to the resolution of prioritized needs and problems within the framework of PHC; understanding the community as a subject of accompaniment through integrated interdisciplinary practices and not as an object of intervention to achieve training purposes.

Análisis y visualización de datos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 de la población atendida en los establecimientos de salud de atención primaria de la Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar, durante los años 2021-2022 / Analysis and visualization of data on infection by SARS-CoV-2 the population of the primary care health attended in the establishments of the Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar, during the years 2021-2022

ntroducción: en Chile, la circulación del virus SARS-CoV-2 se inició el 03 de marzo de 2020, desencadenando un rápido aumento de casos en el país. Los datos epidemiológicos y de movilidad fueron fundamentales, para evitar la propagación y severidad de la infección. Sin embargo, la limitación de ser extrapolados desde niveles de división administrativa mayor a niveles menores, ha dificultado la toma de decisiones. Una forma de resolver esto, es analizar y visualizar los datos de la infección en su contexto local, como los datos recopilados desde la Atención Primaria en Salud. Materiales y Métodos: estudio que analizó y visualizó, mediante Microsoft Excel, Stata y Looker Studio, 173.881 exámenes de SARS-CoV-2 realizados en la Corporación Municipal de Viña del Mar (366.981 beneficiarios), durante los años 2021-2022. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 33.633 casos positivos para SARS-CoV-2, de los cuales 11.084 pertenecen al rango etario entre 30 a 49 años. CESFAM Dr. Jorge Kaplán presentó mayor cantidad de casos positivos (5.838), mientras que CECOSF Villa Hermosa la menor cantidad (628). CECOSF Sergio Donoso y Santa Julia presentaron una cantidad notable de casos positivos entre 0 a 14 y 70 a 79 años, respectivamente. Discusión: existió una relación importante entre la cantidad de muestras y casos positivos según lugar de toma de muestra, jurisdicción, población per cápita atendida por jurisdicción y su distribución espacial. Conclusión: la metodología realizada permitió analizar y visualizar los datos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 por jurisdicción, lo que se puede utilizar para observar tendencias y generar estrategias para la comuna.

Introduction: in Chile, the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus began on March 3, 2020, triggering a rapid increase in cases in the country. Epidemiological and mobility data were essential to prevent the spread and severity of the infection. However, the limitation of being extrapolated from higher levels of administrative division to lower levels has made decision-making difficult. One way to solve this is to analyze and visualize infection data in its local context, such as data collected from Primary Health Care.Materials and Methods: a study that analyzed and visualized, using Microsoft Excel, Stata, and Looker Studio, 173,881 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in the Viña del Mar Municipal Corporation (366,981 beneficiaries) during 2021-2022.Results: there were 33,633 positive cases for SARS-CoV-2, of which 11,084 were in the age range between 30 and 49 years. CESFAM Dr. Jorge Kaplán had the highest positive cases (5,838), while CECOSF Villa Hermosa had the lowest number (628). CECOSF Sergio Donoso and Santa Julia had a notable number of positive cases between 0 and 14 and 70 to 79 years, respectively. Discussion: there was a significant re lationship between the number of samples and positive cases by sampling site, jurisdiction, population per capita served by jurisdiction, and spatial distribution. Conclusion: The methodology used allowed for the analysis and visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection data by jurisdiction, which the municipality can use to observe trends and generate strategies.

Caracterización del desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría en Consolación del Sur / Characterization of the Professional Performance of the family Physician in Nephrogeriatrics in Consolación del Sur Municipality

Introducción: La atención a pacientes nefrogeriátricos requiere de nuevas acciones que propicien mejores resultados de forma armónica e integrada. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual del desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde mayo de 2014 a mayo de 2015, dirigido a 39 médicos de familia del área 5 de septiembre. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para evaluar el desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría. Se tuvo en cuenta el consentimiento informado. Resultados: Se identificó el estado actual de la variable estudiada, con la identificación de problemas relacionados con la dimensión cognitiva, asistencial, educativa e investigativa en la atención al paciente nefrogeriátrico en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusiones: El desempeño profesional del médico de familia en nefrogeriatría carece de integración en la atención integral a los pacientes, la familia y la comunidad(AU)

Introduction: The care for nephrogeriatric patients requires new actions with better outcomes in a harmonic and integrated way. Objective: To characterize the current state of professional performance of family physicians in nephrogeriatrics in primary healthcare. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out from May 2014 to May 2015, targeted at 39 family physicians belonging to 5 de Septiembre health area. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used to evaluate the professional performance of the family physician in nephrogeriatrics. Informed consent was taken into account. Results: The current state of the studied variable was identified, with the identification of problems related to the cognitive, assistance, educational and investigative dimensions in the care of nephrogeriatric patients in primary healthcare. Conclusions: The professional performance of the family physician in nephrogeriatrics lacks integration regarding the comprehensive care of patients, family and the community(AU)

O programa Previne Brasil e seus potenciais reflexos na (re)organização da Atenção Primária à Saúde do estado do Rio de Janeiro / The Previne Brazil program and its potential effects in the (re)organization od Primary Health Care of the state of Rio de Janeiro

O principal objetivo deste estudo é documentar o processo de transição do modelo de financiamento federal da APS implantado pelo programa Previne Brasil no período 2019-2021 e as iniciativas da SES-RJ e do COSEMS-RJ frente aos potenciais reflexos na (re)organização da APS nos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia proposta é a de estudo de caso de caráter exploratório, descritivo com a combinação de diferentes métodos de pesquisa, fazendo uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e de dados primários e secundários. Este estudo tem como recorte para análise dois aspectos do programa Previne Brasil: a Capitação Ponderada e o Componente Pagamento por Desempenho. A transferência regular do PAB fixo, de base per capita, foi considerada inovadora por ser a primeira prevista no SUS não atrelada à produção. Considerada alinhada com o princípio da universalidade e com a diretriz da descentralização presentes no regramento legal do SUS, suas transferências eram garantidas independentemente do modelo adotado para organização da APS pelos municípios. Sua substituição pela transferência atrelada a cadastro, prevista no Componente Capitação Ponderada do Previne Brasil pode ser vista como um retrocesso, pois nesse formato o custeio está atrelado ao cadastro realizado pelas equipes existentes em cada território, o que pode não refletir a totalidade da população nele residente. A absorção pelo componente Capitação Ponderada dos recursos do PAB variável referentes ao custeio da eSF, eAP, incremento para contratação de gerentes nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) e das equipes de NASF-AB provoca uma reflexão sobre a descontinuidade dos processos relevantes para a organização da APS, relacionados à continuidade do cuidado. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, um movimento sinérgico foi iniciado pelo COSEMS-RJ e pela SAPS/SES, no sentido de compreender como a nova proposta de financiamento da APS impactaria nos recursos a serem destinados aos municípios do estado em 2020. Neste sentido, foi criado um grupo de trabalho, com representantes das duas estruturas, para a discussão do Previne Brasil, que permanece ativo. Uma das iniciativas mais importantes desse grupo se dá com a confecção de Notas Técnicas, que começaram a ser produzidas ainda em 2019 para apoiar os municípios do estado na transição do financiamento federal da APS. Mesmo com toda a excepcionalidade de 2020, que foi marcado pela bem-vinda extensão dos prazos previstos, foi possível vislumbrar como teria sido esta mudança para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, já que podemos estudar os resultados numéricos alcançados em 2020 nos componentes de Capitação Ponderada e Pagamento por Desempenho e que não se refletiram em perda de recursos.

The main goal of this study is to document the process of federal financing of APS through the Previne Brasil program from the period of 2019-2021 and the initiatives from SES-RJ and COSEMS-RJ through the potential repercussions on the re-organization of APS in the Rio de Janeiro State's cities. The proposed methodology is one of a case study in exploratory and descriptive character along with a combination of different research methods, using bibliographic and documental research as well as primary and secondary data. It is emphasized that this study has as delimitation for analysis two aspects of the Previne Brasil: the Pondered Capacitation and the Component of Payment by Performance. The regular transference of fixated PAB, of per capita base was considered innovative, since it was the first provided by SUS not linked to production. Considered aligned to the principles of universality, with the directive of decentralization present in the legal regulation, as its transferences were guaranteed regardless of the adopted models for the APS' organization through the cities. It's substitution for the transference linked to registration, provided in Previne Brasil's Component of Pondered Capacitation, can be understood as a regression as in such format the cost is linked to the registration done by the existing themes in each territory, something that cannot reflect the integrality of the resident population. Absorbing the Component of Pondered Capacitation's PAB's variable resources referring to the cost of eSF, eAP, increment for the hiring of basic health units' management and the NASF-AB's teams provokes a reflection over the discontinuations of relevant processes for the APS' organization, related to the continuity of care. In Rio de Janeiro State, a synergetic movement was initiated by the COSEMS-RJ and SAPS/SES in a way of comprehending how the new financing proposal by APS would impact the resources to be destined to the state's cities in 2020. So, a work group was created, with representatives of the two structures, for the discussion of Previne Brasil, which remains active. One of the most important initiatives in such group is the creation of Technical Notes, that started being produced in 2019, to support the state's cities in the transition of APS' federal financing. Despite all exceptionality in 2020, which was well-marked by the welcome extension of provided deadlines, it was possible to glimpse how such change would have been for Rio de Janeiro State, since we can study the numerical results reached in 2020 in the components of Pondered Capacitation and Payment by Performance, and that it did not reflect on loss of resources.

Effect Enhancing and Toxicity-reducing Activities of Astragalus Polysaccharide Injection on U14 Cervical Cancer in Model Mice Receiving X-Ray Treatment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing activities of astragalus polysaccharide injection （APS） on U14 cervical cancer in model mice receiving X-ray treatment. MethodU14 mouse cervical cancer cells were cultured in vitro and injected into the right forelimb armpit of Kunming mice for constructing a subcutaneous tumor-bearing model of cervical cancer. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into the model group， X-ray intervention（IR， 6 Gy） group， APS （10 mL·kg-1·d-1） group， and IR + APS group. Following the observation of the state， body mass， and food intake of mice in each group， the volume of the tumor was measured. The tumor cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins p53， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and cleaved cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-3 （Caspase-3） in tumor tissues were assayed by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe comparison with the model group showed that mice in the IR group had poor mental status and reduced mobility. The IR group and IR + APS group exhibited reduced food intake and body mass since the 8th d （P<0.05， P<0.01） and narrowed tumor volume since the 9th d （P<0.01）. In the IR group， the proportion of cells in the G1 phase was increased， while the proportion of those in the S phase was decreased （P<0.01）. In the IR + APS group， the proportion of cells in the G1 phase rose， whereas the proportion of those in the G2 and S phases cells declined （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The apoptotic rates in both the IR group and IR + APS group were elevated significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the IR group and IR + APS group displayed up-regulated cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissues， but down-regulated Bcl-2 and p53 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the IR group， the mice in the IR + APS group had better mobility and hair， normal body mass， and increased food intake （P<0.05）. The tumor volume in the IR + APS group was reduced （P<0.05）. The proportion of cells in the G2 phase was reduced， but the proportion of those in the S phase was raised （P<0.05）. The apoptosis rate was increased （P<0.05）. The apoptosis-related protein Bax protein expression in the tumor tissue was up-regulated， while the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and p53 were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAPS maintains the life state of U14 cervical cancer model mice treated with X-ray and promotes tumor cell apoptosis， thus enhancing the efficiency and reducing toxicity.

Pelas lentes do SUS: notas sobre desafios e avanços da promoção da saúde na atenção primária / Through "SUS" lenses: notes on challenges and advances in health promotion in primary care / Por las lentes del "SUS": notas sobre desafíos y avances de la promoción de la salud en la atención primaria

Proponho um balanço crítico, retrospectivo e breve acerca de desafios e avanços de práticas e da política de promoção da saúde (PS), subjacentes ao SUS. A narrativa analítica partiu de textos científicos/governamentais (selecionados por critério de conveniência) e de situações profissionais vivenciadas in loco em serviços da atenção primária (APS), nos últimos 15 anos. Defendo que as práticas de PS tiveram alguns avanços importantes na APS, materializados em experiências exitosas nos territórios/comunidades. Entretanto, a conjuntura sociossanitária profundamente desigual perpetuada no país e o cenário de retrocessos sociais instalado pelo atual governo federal transformam boa parte das metas e propostas da Política Nacional de PS em perspectivas inalcançáveis à maioria dos brasileiros (AU)

I propose a critical, retrospective, and brief assessment of the challenges and advances in health promotion (HP) practices and policy, underlying SUS. The analytical narrative started from scientific/governmental texts (selected by convenience criteria) and professional situations experienced in loco in primary health care (PHC) services, in the last 15 years. I argue that the HP practices have had some important advances in PHC, materialized in successful experiences in the territories/communities. However, the profoundly unequal socio-health situation perpetuated in the country, and the scenario of social setbacks installed by the current federal government, transform most of the goals and proposals of the National Health Promotion Policy into unattainable perspectives for most Brazilians (AU).

Propongo un balance crítico, retrospectivo y breve, acerca de desafíos y avances de prácticas y de la política de promoción de la salud (PS), subyacentes al SUS. La narrativa analítica partió de textos científicos/gubernamentales (seleccionados por criterio de conveniencia) y de situaciones profesionales vividas in loco en servicios de la atención primaria (APS), en los últimos 15 años. Defiendo que las prácticas de PS tuvieron algunos avances importantes en la APS, materializados en experiencias exitosas en los territorios/comunidades. Sin embargo, la coyuntura sociosanitaria profundamente desigual perpetuada en el país, y el escenario de retrocesos sociales instalado por el actual gobierno federal, transforman buena parte de las metas y propuestas de la Política Nacional de PS en perspectivas inalcanzables para la mayoría de los brasileños (AU).

Pelas lentes do SUS: notas sobre desafios e avanços da promoção da saúde na atenção primária / Through "SUS" lenses: notes on challenges and advances in health promotion in primary care / Por las lentes del "SUS": notas sobre desafíos y avances de la promoción de la salud en la atención primaria

Proponho um balanço crítico, retrospectivo e breve acerca de desafios e avanços de práticas e da política de promoção da saúde (PS), subjacentes ao SUS. A narrativa analítica partiu de textos científicos/governamentais (selecionados por critério de conveniência) e de situa-ções profissionais vivenciadas in loco em serviços da atenção primária (APS), nos últimos 15 anos. Defendo que as práticas de PS tiveram alguns avanços importantes na APS, materializados em experiências exitosas nos territórios/comunidades. Entretanto, a conjuntura sociossanitária profundamente desigual perpetuada no país e o cenário de retrocessos sociais instalado pelo atual governo federal transformam boa parte das metas e propostas da Política Nacional de PS em perspectivas inalcançá-veis à maioria dos brasileiros.

propose a critical, retrospective, and brief assessment of the challenges and advances in health promotion (HP) practices and policy, underlying SUS. The analytical narrative started from scientific/governmental texts (selected by convenience criteria) and professional situations experienced in loco in primary health care (PHC) services, in the last 15 years. I argue that the HP practices have had some important advances in PHC, materialized in successful experiences in the territories/communities. However, the profoundly unequal socio-health situation perpetuated in the country, and the scenario of social setbacks installed by the current federal government, transform most of the goals and proposals of the National Health Promotion Policy into unattainable perspectives for most Brazilians.

Propongo un balance crítico, retrospectivo y breve, acerca de desafíos y avances de prácticas y de la política de promoción de la salud (PS), subyacentes al SUS. La narrativa analítica partió de textos científicos/gubernamentales (seleccionados por criterio de conveniencia) y de situaciones profesionales vividas in loco en servicios de la atención primaria (APS), en los últimos 15 años. Defiendo que las prácticas de PS tuvieron algunos avances importantes en la APS, materializados en experiencias exitosas en los territorios/comunidades. Sin embargo, la coyuntura sociosanitaria profundamente desigual perpetuada en el país, y el escenario de retrocesos sociales instalado por el actual gobierno federal, transforman buena parte de las metas y propuestas de la Política Nacional de PS en perspectivas inalcanzables para la mayoría de los brasileños.

Structure and identification of immune fragments of acid-degraded oligosaccharides from active Astragalus polysaccharides APS-Ⅱ / 药学学报

We previously reported that active Astragalus polysaccharides APS-Ⅱ generate strong immune activity. Here we establish the optimal method for APS-II acid degradation. After preliminary structural studies and separation and preparation of the degradation products, the oligosaccharide active center with the strongest immune activity was identified by in vitro immune cell culture experiments. The optimum acid degradation conditions for APS-II were determined by a single factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment. Astragalus oligosaccharides prepared under the optimal conditions were subjected to structural analysis by hydrophilic interaction chromatography - electrospray ionization source - high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The products were separated and oligosaccharide fragments with different degrees of polymerization were isolated by preparative purification chromatography. Finally, fragments of the immunologically active centers were identified by in vitro immune cell cultures from multiple perspectives. The results show that the optimal acid hydrolysis conditions for APS-Ⅱ are hydrolysis temperature 80 ℃, trifluoroacetic acid concentration 1.0 mol·L-1, hydrolysis time 1 h. The degradation conditions have good repeatability. The degradation product is a six-carbon aldehyde glycan structure with the main chain 1→4 connected. The immune activity screening experiment for six oligosaccharide fragments showed that larger molecular weight oligosaccharides have stronger immune-promoting effects. It is speculated that the immunologically active center of Astragalus oligosaccharide is located in the sugar chain of DP9-DP19. The animal welfare and the experimental process in this study follow the requirements of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University. This result suggests a foundation for the structural characterization and structure-activity relationship research of Astragalus oligosaccharides, and may promote the development of Astragalus oligosaccharide drugs.

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on EMT of A549/DDP Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenograft： An Exploration Based on PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） on transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁ （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition （EMT） of A549/DDP lung adenocarcinoma xenograft and its potential molecular mechanism. Method:BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into the non-loading group （A549/DDP cells not loaded with TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）， model group， cisplatin group， and combined group （A549/DDP cells overexpressing TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）. Mice in the combined group were treated with intragastric administration of APS （0.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin （0.003 5 g·kg^-1）， while those in the cisplatin group only received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin （0.003 5 g·kg^-1）. After drug intervention， the nude mice were sacrificed and the xenograft and lung were harvested， followed by the weighing of tumor and the calculation of the inhibition rate. The number of tumors metastasizing to the lung was counted under the microscope. The pathological features of tumors and their metastasis to the lung tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of EMT molecular markers E-cadherin， Vimentin， <italic>α</italic>-smooth muscle actin （<italic>α</italic>-SMA）， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） in the xenograft were detected by immunohistochemistry， Western blot， and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the non-loading group， the model group exhibited increased tumor weight and pulmonary metastatic nodules （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， sparse tumor cell junctions， long spindle cells， massive metastatic nodules in the lung， down-regulated E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression， and up-regulated Vimentin and <italic>α</italic>-SMA protein and mRNA expression and p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group and cisplatin group， the combined group displayed decreased tumor weight and pulmonary metastatic nodules （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）， tight tumor cell junctions， round or oval cells， no obvious lung metastasis， up-regulated E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and down-regulated Vimentin and <italic>α</italic>-SMA protein and mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in PI3K or Akt protein expression among groups. Conclusion:APS has a certain inhibitory effect against EMT in lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells， which may be related to the inhibition of activated PI3K/Akt protein expression.

Cuidados Paliativos na Atenção Primária à Saúde: Percepções de médicos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família sobre o tema na prática / Palliative Care in primaryhealth care: Perceptions of physicians of the family’s health strategy on the subject in practice

O presente Trabalho de Conclusão de Residência multidisciplinar em Saúdepossui o objetivode conhecer a percepção e a prática de profissionais médicos, atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), no que concerne aos Cuidados Paliativos (CP) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Os seis profissionaisdesta amostra estão vinculados aESF de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) localizada em Canoas/RS.Oestudo possuimetodologia de natureza qualitativa e abordagem descritiva. Oreferencial teórico utiliza-se deáreas dapsicologia da saúde, medicina paliativa, e do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os resultados apontamparanecessidade de incluir nas práticas de CPdimensões subjetivasno cuidado e a interdisciplinaridade como método de trabalho.Ademais, identificaram-se lacunas referentes acapacitações e formações especificas em CP,sobrecarga de trabalho e insatisfação profissional. Essa pesquisa pretende ampliar a discussão dos muitos desafios éticos a serem vencidos na APS,referente aos CP.

This article presents the perception and practice in Palliative Care (PC) of physicians working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS), in Primary Health Care (PHC), in connection with the Basic Health Care Unit (UBS) of the city of Canoas/RS. Data were collected between June and August 2019. The analysis followed theoretical-methodological reference in health psychology, palliative medicine, and public policies of the Unified PublicHealth System (SUS). The study points out to the need for comprehensive care of patients in PC, evidencing difficulty in the identification, which makes it impossible to have a proper connection with patient-family-team.The challenge is to find interdisciplinary means of work, including emotional and spiritual dimensions, in addition to clinical practice. Itissuggested trainings, aiming at competenciesthatmeetethicalchallenges in PC. This research aims to subsidies the discussion of PC in public health, and provides information for future studies about this theme.

Adaptação e validação da escala de perfeccionismo Almost Perfect Scale-Revised para o português brasileiro / Adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale / Adaptación y validación de la escala de perfeccionismo Almost Perfect Scale-Revised para el portugués brasileño

O perfeccionismo é um construto multidimensional cujo estudo vem aumentando desde os anos de 1990. Uma das escalas mais utilizadas para sua mensuração é a Almost Perfect Scale - Revised (APS-R), composta por três dimensões: Padrões, Discrepância e Ordem. Devido à ausência de medidas como essa no Brasil, este estudo objetivou adaptar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas da APS-R em uma amostra brasileira, por meio da análise de sua estrutura interna e levantamento de sua confiabilidade. Participaram 787 universitários (79,3% do sexo feminino), idade média de 25,98 anos (DP = 7,29) que responderam à APS-R e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Os itens adaptados mostraram IVC adequados: equivalência semântica (0,99), cultural (0,94) e conceitual (0,94). Dentre os modelos estruturais testados, o bifatorial mostrou-se superior aos demais (χ2 = 452,371; TLI = 0,94; CFI = 0,96; RMSEA = 0,047). Assim, a escala apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para uso no Brasil, tanto no que se refere à sua validade quanto confiabilidade. São discutidas limitações e implicações do estudo. (AU)

The study of perfectionism as a multidimensional construct has increased since the 1990's. The Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) is widely used across studies to measure perfectionism; it is composed by three dimensions: High Standards, Discrepancy, and Order. However, despite increasing interest in the measurement of perfectionism, there were no scales available for Brazilian-Portuguese. Accordingly, we aimed to adapt the APS-R and to analyze the psychometric properties and test confirmatory models for the Brazilian version of the Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R Brasil). A sample of university students (n=787) with a mean age 25.98 years (SD=7.29), 79.3% women, completed the APS-RB. The adapted items demonstrated semantic, cultural and conceptual adequacy (all CVI <90). The ESEM two factor model, showed the better fit index (χ²= 452.371; TLI=0.94; CFI=0.96; RMSEA=0.047). The Brazilian version of APS-R was shown to be valid and reliable. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed. (AU)

El estudio del perfeccionismo como un constructo multidimensional ha aumentado desde los años 90. La escala Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), que se usa ampliamente en los estudios del perfeccionismo, está compuesta por tres factores: altos estándares, la percepción de la discrepancia y el orden. Sin embargo, a pesar del creciente interés en la medición del perfeccionismo, todavía no hay escalas disponibles para el portugués brasileño. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas, y probar modelos confirmatorios para la APS-R en una muestra brasileña. Dicha muestra se compuso por estudiantes universitarios (n = 787) con una edad media de 25,98 años (DE = 7,29) y 79,3% mujeres. Los ítems adaptados demostraron adecuación semántica, cultural y conceptual (todos los IVC <90). El modelo ESEM Bifactor mostró el mejor índice de ajuste (χ2 = 452,371; TLI = 0,94; CFI = 0,96; RMSEA = 0,047). La versión brasileña de APS-R demostró ser válida y fiable. Aparte, se discute las limitaciones e implicaciones del estudio. (AU)

Tecnologia digital como estratégia de educação permanente para melhoria do processo de trabalho e qualidade da assistência na estratégia saúde da família / Digital technology as a permanent education strategy to improve the work process and quality of care in the family health strategy

O estudo em questão tem como objeto de pesquisa os processos avaliativos fomentados pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ) como dispositivos de apoio ao fortalecimento da Educação Permanente no âmbito das equipes de saúde da família no Município de Niterói/RJ. A Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) está estreitamente ligada ao processo de avaliação, uma vez que incita discussões e provoca mudanças nas práticas dos gestores e profissionais da Atenção Básica a fim de induzir a melhoria da qualidade das ações de saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral: propor o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo como estratégia de EPS para oportunizar espaços de trocas e integração dos profissionais e da rede de atenção à saúde com vistas à melhoria do processo de trabalho e qualidade da assistência. E como objetivos específicos: descrever as ações de educação permanente desenvolvidas no cotidiano das equipes de saúde da família e como essas se inserem na reorganização do processo de trabalho e analisar os processos avaliativos fomentados pelo PMAQ na perspectiva dos profissionais da ESF. Utiliza como Referencial Político a Política Nacional em Educação Permanente em Saúde e como referencial teórico, os preceitos de Donal Schön. Os conceitos estabelecidos por Donald Schön possibilitam compreender a lógica da Educação Permanente em Saúde, visto a proximidade do referencial com as diretrizes propostas pela PNEPS. Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-ação. Como técnica de coleta de dados, foram realizadas oficinas pautadas em metodologias ativas, como a metodologia da problematização com os profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica do Município de Niterói. Para análise e discussão dos dados, utilizou-se o conceito do ciclo da reflexividade de Valente como recurso metodológico. Através da metodologia utilizada, os participantes do estudo foram convidados a refletirem sobre o processo de avaliação e suas implicações no contexto da Educação Permanente. Verificou-se a premente necessidade de oportunizar espaços de discussão, análise e reflexão das práticas com participação crítica e ativa dos sujeitos e um maior debate acerca das questões referentes à avaliação. Os nós críticos do cotidiano da Saúde da Família foram discutidos pelos profissionais que ressaltaram a importância de se fomentar esse diálogo de forma contínua e permanente de modo a operar mudanças nos cenários de atuação, incorporando assim a EPS nesse contexto. A proposta do produto foi desenvolvida com base nas oficinas realizadas com os profissionais e de acordo com as principais demandas sinalizadas pelos mesmos, pautadas na experiência referente à avaliação externa do PMAQ. Pretende-se através dessa tecnologia digital, propiciar um ambiente em que o profissional exerça ciclos de reflexão e de ação, e que estes possam construir vínculos e pactuar possíveis fluxos com vistas à melhoria do acesso e da qualidade da assistência. Acredita-se que os processos avaliativos possam contribuir para que a EPS seja incorporada de forma sólida e contínua no dia a dia das equipes de saúde da família.

The study in question has as its research object the evaluation processes promoted by the National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care as devices to support the strengthening of Permanent Education within the scope of family health teams in the city of Niterói / RJ. Permanent Health Education (PHE) is closely linked to the evaluation process, since it incites discussions and causes changes in the practices of Primary Care managers and professionals in order to induce an improvement in the quality of health actions. This study has the general objective: to propose the development of an application as an PHE strategy to provide opportunities for exchanges and integration of professionals and the health care network with a view to improving the work process and quality of care. And as specific objectives: to describe the continuing education actions developed in the daily lives of family health teams and how they are inserted in the reorganization of the work process and to analyze the evaluation processes fostered by the National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care from the perspective of the Family health strategy professionals. It uses as a Political Reference the National Policy on Permanent Education in Health and as a theoretical reference, the precepts of Donal Schön. The concepts established by Donald Schön make it possible to understand the logic of Permanent Education in Health, given the proximity of the reference with the guidelines proposed by Political Reference the National Policy on Permanent Education in Health. Descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, of an action research type. As a technique of data collection, workshops were conducted based on active methodologies such as the problematization methodology with health professionals in Primary Care in the city of Niterói. For data analysis and discussion, Valente's concept of the cycle of reflexivity was used as a methodological resource. Through the methodology used, the study participants were invited to reflect on the evaluation process and its implications in the context of Permanent Education. There was an urgent need to provide opportunities for discussion, analysis and reflection on practices with critical and active participation of the subjects and a greater debate on issues related to evaluation. The critical nodes of the daily routine of Family Health were discussed by the professionals who stressed the importance of fostering this dialogue on a continuous and permanent basis in order to effect changes in the performance scenarios, thus incorporating the PHE in this context. The product proposal was developed based on the workshops held with the professionals and according to the main demands signaled by them, based on the experience related to the external evaluation of the National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care. It is intended, through this digital technology, to provide an environment in which the professional exercises cycles of reflection and action, and that they can build bonds and agree on possible flows with a view to improving access and quality of care. It is believed that the evaluation processes can contribute for the PHE to be incorporated in a solid and continuous way in the daily routine of the family health teams

Intervention of Modified Yupingfeng San Combined with Aspirin on D-dimer， PagT Levels of RSA with Seronegative APS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of aspirin combined with modified Yupingfeng San on patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome. Method:From December 2016 to March 2018, 109 cases of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients with seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome in Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as the study objects. According to the random number table, they were divided into three groups:blank group, control group and study group. The blank group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, as placebo, the control group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, Danshen pills, 4 pills/time, tid, and aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and the study group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and modified Yupingfeng San, 150 mL/time, bid. These patients were all asked for pregnancy preparation for 1 year and treated with aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and progesterone pills, 1 pill/time, tid, since the beginning of pregnancy until 13 weeks or abortion. The pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, coagulation index before and after treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score as well as months of abortion were all observed and compared. Result:The coagulation index and TCM symptom score of the study group were significantly lower than those before treatment (PPPPPConclusion:The data proved that the combination of anti-coagulation medicine with either single herb or herbal compound can improve the curative effect of the patients, and traditional Chinese herbal compound can regulate the immune system, reduce the thrombosis and improve the symptoms of TCM, which made the curative efficacy more prominent. However, more samples were needed for further research. Because the time of fetal protection may not change the outcome of pregnancy, the therapy should be maintained at least until the end of the early pregnancy.

Barreiras de acesso na atenção primária à saúde à travestis e transexuais na região central de São Paulo / Access barriers in Primary Health Care to transvestites and transsexuals in the central region of São Paulo

Historicamente, no Brasil e no mundo, o setor saúde tem se relacionado de forma ambivalente com travestis e transexuais (TT) promovendo acesso ao processo transexualizador, por um lado, mas condicionando-o ao diagnóstico de Tanstorno de Identidade de Gênero (TIG), patologizando assim a experiência da diversidade de gênero. As medidas preventivas adotadas na década de 80 com a epidemia do HIV, também acentuaram o estigma sofrido por este grupo, segregando o acesso aos serviços de saúde especializados. Pesquisas revelam, no entanto, necessidades de saúde relacionadas, não apenas ao acesso às tecnologias mais especializadas, mas de forma integral, associadas às marcas de opressão sofridas por essa população, à necessidade de vínculo aos serviços de saúde e à possibilidade de desenvolver autonomia. No que diz respeito, especificamente, aos dados epidemiológicos, essa população apresenta altos índices de transtornos mentais, uso de substâncias, violência e uso indiscriminado de hormônio. Apontam, ainda, a invisibilidade no que se refere à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e a população TT. --------|a A Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Integral da População Lésbicas, Gays, Bisexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBTT) vem como resposta a estas necessidades de cuidado integral, indo além do estigma patologização. Em consonância com esta política, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral: elaborar um manual de acolhimento à população travesti e transexual para a APS e objetivos específicos: caracterizar o perfil da população TT; identificar os motivos pelos quais o usuário usa ou deixa de usar a APS; identificar barreiras que dificultam o acesso da população à APS; propor estratégias de superação das barreiras de acesso da população TT à APS. O projeto de pesquisa foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP) e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo (SMSSP), bem como à gestão do Centro de Cidadania LGBT (CCLGBT) Luiz Carlos Ruas. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório que realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas na Unidade Básica de Saúde-Sé (UBS-Sé) e no CCLGBT-Luiz Carlos Ruas, ambos na região central de São Paulo. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi registrado e, posteriormente submetido à diversas leituras para análise temática de conteúdo segundo a proposta de Bardin (2006). Análise dos dados: foram identificadas categorias empíricas a partir do referencial teórico relativo ao acesso enquanto dispositivo transformador da realidade, segundo Abreu de Jesus (2006) e às barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde à população LGBTT (Albuquerque et. al, 2016).Com relação aos dados quantitativos estes foram organizados em uma planilha para a análise dos dados. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas vinte pessoas trans, entre elas, treze se identificaram como mulheres trans, uma como travesti e seis como homens trans. Com idade média de 33 anos, em sua maioria solteiros (80%), com baixo grau de escolaridade (40% da amostra, referiram ter ensino médio incompleto ou menor grau de escolaridade) e apenas 30% inseridos no mercado de trabalho formal, evidenciando o panorama de vulnerabilidades da população trans. Com relação às barreiras no acesso à APS foram identificadas barreiras tecnoassistenciais relacionadas: 1) ao paradigma heteronormativo e de gênero como equivalência de sexo na APS; 2) pouca oferta do cartão do SUS com nome social e não uso do nome social; 3) falta de uma escuta qualificada; além de barreiras relacionadas às: 4) implicações da transfobia no acesso do serviço de saúde; 5) educação permanente: desconhecimento dos fluxos e conceitos da rede da pessoa trans; e 6) Transfobia nos serviços da APS. A partir das barreiras identificadas foram elaboradas proposições de superação das mesmas que integraram o Manual de acolhimento de Transexuais e Travestis à Atenção Primária à Saúde. Dentre as propostas de superação com relação às barreiras tecnoassitencias: estratégias de uso correto do nome social, a superação de paradigmas biologizantes e a valorização da dimensão relacional do trabalho em saúde, como o uso de uma comunicação responsiva e do acolhimento. Com relação às barreiras associadas à educação permanente, destaca-se a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento dos trabalhadores com relação às informações a respeito das características da população TT, tais como: conceitos básicos envolvidos na temática, suas principais demandas e fluxos de apoio na rede. Investindo em metodologias ativas de ensino que se pautem em um modelo de saúde ampliado, evidenciando a visão política transformadora do trabalho no SUS. A superação da transfobia nos serviços de saúde está relacionada à promoção de educação permanente neste contexto. Outros estudos poderão avaliar a compreensão e utilização do Manual pelos profissionais da APS e a satisfação das necessidades da população TT.

Historically, in Brazil and in the world, health has related itself in an ambivalent way with transsexuals and transvestites (TT). Understood as pathology and not as diversity and freedom of gender by international disease manuals, this diagnosis allows access to medical procedures for changes in sexual characteristics. In Brazil, health places attention on the TT population beginning at the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 80's, increasing this group's stigma and segregation, limiting access to specialized services, marking the ambivalence of the health system. Research describe, however, health care needs that go beyond HIV and physical transformations desired by trans people: high rates of mental disorders, substance use, violence, and indiscriminate use of hormones. Research also point out the invisibility in relation to Primary Health Care (PHC). The National Policy for Attention to Comprehensive Health Care for the Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transvestite, and Transsexual (LGBTT) Population comes as a response to these needs for comprehensive care, going beyond the stigma and pathologization of gender identity. In line with this policy, the present study had as general objective: develop a manual for embracing the transvestite and transsexual population in the PHC; and specific objectives: characterize the TT population's profile, identify the reasons why users use or not the PHC, identify barriers that hinder the population's access to the PHC, and propose strategies for overcoming the TT population's access barriers to the PHC. Method: this is a qualitative and exploratory study in which 20 semi-structured interviews were carried out in Sé's Basic Health Unit -(BHU) and in Center for LGBT Citizenship (CLGBTC), both in the downtown area of Sao Paulo. The empirical material was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Twenty trans people were interviewed, among them thirteen identified themselves as trans women, one as transvestite and six as trans men. With a mean age of 33 years, mostly unmarried (80%), with a low level of schooling (40% of the sample, reported having incomplete high school or lower education) and only 30% inserted in the formal job market, evidencing the panorama of vulnerabilities of the trans population. Technical-care barriers were identified related to: 1) the paradigm of hetero-normative and gender as sex equivalence in the PHC; 2) offer little of the SUS (Brazilian Public Health Care System) card with social name social printed and the non-use of the social name; 3) lack of qualified listening. In addition to the related barriers: 4) implications of transphobia in access to the health service; 5) permanent education: lack of knowledge of flows and concepts of the trans person's network; 6) Transphobia in the PHC services. Based on the barriers identified, proposals were made to overcome them, which integrated the "Handbook on the reception of Transsexuals and Transvestites for Primary Health Care". Among the proposals for overcoming in relation to the tecnoassitencias barriers: strategies of correct use of the social name, the overcoming of biologizing paradigms and the valorization of the relational dimension of health work, such as the use of a responsive and welcoming communication. Regarding the barriers associated with lifelong education, the need to broaden workers' knowledge regarding information about the characteristics of the TT population, such as: basic concepts involved in the theme, its main demands and support flows in the public health system. Investing in active teaching methodologies that are based on an expanded health model, evidencing the transformative political vision of the SUS work. The overcoming of transphobia in the health services is related to the promotion of permanent education in this context. Other studies may assess the understanding and use of the Manual by PHC professionals and the satisfaction of the needs of the TT population. From the identified barriers, propositions for improvement of these were built, as well as the "Embracing Transvestites and Transsexuals (TT) in Primary Health Care (PHC) Manual".

Effect of APS-II-2 on intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolarization arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia model rats / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To investigate the role of APS-II -2 (a kind of plant-derived natural drug) on amelioration of chorioamnionitis-induced alveolarization arrest and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) model was constructed by intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in SD rats (E16.5). The SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Saline group), LPS model group (LPS+Saline group) and APS-II -2 administration group (LPS+APS-II-2 group), Then neonatal rats in LPS+APS-II-2 group were given an intraperitoneal injection with APS-II-2 (50 mg/ kg) for 3 consecutive days after birth, whereas rats in LPS+Saline group and Saline group were administrated with an equal amount of normal saline. To examine pathologic change of pulmonary in neonatal rats, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining was performed at postnatal day1 and 3. Then bone marrowderived macrophages (BMDMs) from SD rats were detected by the technology of RNA-sequence to research the immunomodulation of APS-II -2. Results: APS-II -2 administration group had drastically higher terminal air spaces (P=0.033 at postnatal day1) and secondary septa counts at postnatal day1 and 3, respectively (P=0.002, P=0.026) than LPS-induced model group, while mean linear intercept was the opposite situation at postnatal day1 and 3, respectively (P=0.006, P=0.004). The detection of RNA-sequence indicated that APS-II -2 suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as Tlr3, Tlr7 and Tlr8 in BMDMs. Meanwhile, it also promoted some pleiotropic cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects such as Alox15 and Cd74. Conclusion: Administration of APS-II -2 could improve the pathology of BPD, thereby supporting the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant. This effect may be directly caused by modulatory effects of APS-II -2 on inflammation.

Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on hippocampal NF-κB signaling in rats with depressive behaviors / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide ( APS ) on depressive behaviors and hippocampal NF-κB signaling in rats with depression. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into con-trol group, depressive group, APS-low (200 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) group and APS-high ( 400 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ) group. Depressive behaviors were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS) in rats. After trea-ted with APS, depressive behaviors were valuated by open field test, forced swim test and sucrose preference test. Levels of NF-κB p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65 ( p-NF-κB p65 ) , phosphorylated IκBα ( p-IκBα) , NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured to assess the activity of NF-κB sig-naling pathways. Results Compared to control group, rats in depressive group had less sucrose intake in su-crose preference and longer immobility time in forced swim test, as well as increased hippocampal NF-κB signaling activity. However, APS treatment dose-de-pendently alleviated depressive-like behaviors and in-hibited the activation of NF-κB signaling induced by UCMS. Conclusion The antidepressant effects of APS might be associated with the inhibition of hipp-ocampal NF-κB signaling pathway.

Experimental study on effects of astragalus polysaccharide on treating EAE in mice and regulating activation of BV-2 microglial cell line / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) and to explore the regulating effects on microglia activation that is associated with the pathogenesis of EAE and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Animal experiments:EAE model was induced by MOG35-55in C57BL/6 mice.APS was given by gavage.EAE was scored according to a 0-5 scale to observe the therapeutic effects of APS.Cell experiments:The effects of lipopolysac-charide (LPS) on cell viability of BV-2 microglial cell line were investigated by MTT assay and then the appropriate concentration of LPS to activate the BV-2 microglial cell line was selected.The microglia activation model was established.The changes in BV-2 microglial cell line morphology were observed with an inverted microscope.The cytokines of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the cell culture supernatant of BV-2 microglial cell line were detected by ELISA.The activated BV-2 microglial cells were treated with APS in different concentrations.The regulatory roles of the APS on the BV-2 microglial cell activation were observed.Western blot and Real-time PCR method were used to measure the protein and mRNA level of the PD-L1 on the cell surface of BV-2 microglial cells treated with APS.Results:APS could effectively ameliorate the symptoms in EAE mice and could suppress neuroinflammation of EAE significantly.The microglia activation model in vitro induced by LPS was successful.APS in certain concentration could inhibit the activation of microglia,increase the viabilily of the active microglia.Meanwhile,it could downregulated the level of the cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α and upregulated the expression of protein and mRNA of PD-L1 on activated microglia.Conclusion:APS can effectively inhibit the autoimmune reaction of EAE and effectively suppress the microglia activation induced by LPS,reduce the pro-duction of IFN-γ and TNF-α.APS plays a crucial role in reducing the inflammation induced by microglia activation.The potential mech-anisms might be related to the upregualtion of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

Effect of APS-Ⅱ-2 on intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolarization arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia model rats / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the role of APS-Ⅱ-2 (akind of plant-derived natural drug)on amelioration of chorioamnionitis-induced alveolarization arrest and the underlying mechanism.Methods·Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) model was constructed by intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in SD rats (E16.5).The SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Saline group)、LPS model group (LPS+Saline group) and APS-Ⅱ-2administration group (LPS+APS-Ⅱ-2 group).Then neonatal rats in LPS+APS-Ⅱ-2 group were given an intraperitoneal injection with APS-Ⅱ-2 (50 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days after birth,whereas rats in LPS+Saline group and Saline group were administrated with an equal amount of normal saline.To examine pathologic change of pulmonary in neonatal rats,hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining was performed at postnatal dayl and 3.Then bone marrowderived macrophages (BMDMs) from SD rats were detected by the technology of RNA-sequence to research the immunomodulation of APS-Ⅱ-2.Results·APS-Ⅱ-2 administration group had drastically higher terminal air spaces (P=0.033 at postnatal dayl) and secondary septa counts at postnatal dayl and 3,respectively (P=0.002,P=0.026) than LPS-induced model group,while mean linear intercept was the opposite situation at postnatal dayl and 3,respectively (P=0.006,P=0.004).The detection of RNA-sequence indicated that APS-Ⅱ-2 suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as Tlr3,Tlr7 and Tlr8 in BMDMs.Meanwhile,it also promoted some pleiotropic cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects such as Alox1 5 and Cd74.Conclusion·Administration of APS-Ⅱ-2 could improve the pathology of BPD,thereby supporting the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant.This effect may be directly caused by modulatory effects ofAPS-Ⅱ-2 on inflammation.

Comparison of Four Scoring Systems in Predicting Risk of Stroke-associated Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the performance of Prestroke Independence, Sex, Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (ISAN) score, Age, Atrial fibrillation, Dysphagia, Sex, Stroke Severity (A2DS2) score, acute ischemic stroke-as-sociated pneumonia score (AIS-APS), and Preventive ANtibacterial THERapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke (PAN-THERIS) score in predicting the risk of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Methods The baseline characteristics and laboratory data of 338 patients with ischemic stroke in emergency ward from April, 2014 to December, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were allocated into SAP group (n=125) and non-SAP group (n=213). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive effect of four different scoring systems for ischemic SAP. Results Totally, 125 (37.0%) patients developed SAP. There were significant differences in age, complications (atrial fi-brillation, coronary heart disease and history of stroke), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, ISAN score, A2DS2 score, AIS-APS score and PANTHERIS score between two groups (P<0.05). The A value of PANTHERIS score was 0.818, which was the lowest among four scoring systems (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the A value between A2DS2 score and ISAN score (P>0.05). Conclusion ISAN, A2DS2 and AIS-APS scoring systems all present good discrimination and calibration in predicting the risk of ischemic SAP. The AIS-APS score calculation is relatively complex, so it is suggested that ISAN and A2DS2 scoring systems be used in emergency.

Value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody in diagnosis of seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate diagnostic value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody (aPS/PT), IgA anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL), and IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein antibody (aβ2-GPI) in seronegative antiphospholipid (SNAPS). Methods • Serum samples were collected from 86 patients with antiphospholipid (APS) (APS group), 48 patients with SNAPS (SNAPS group), 79 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (SLE group), and 85 healthy donors (healthy control group, HC group) for aPS/PT (IgG and IgM), aCL (IgA) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) detected by ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the four antibodies for the diagnosis of SNAPS were calculated, and the ROC curves were analyzed. The correlation between the four antibodies and the clinical manifestations of SNAPS was also analyzed.Results • A total of 25 (52.1%) SNAPS patients were positive in aPS/PT (IgG/IgM), including 29.2% patients positive in aPS/PT (IgG) and 35.4% positive in aPS/PT (IgM). There were 16.7% SNAPS patients positive in aβ2-GPI (IgA), but none was aCL (IgA) positive. The positive rates of aPS/PT (IgG and IgM) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) were statistically higher in SNAPS group than those in HC group (P=0.000). The area under curve (AUC) of aPS/PT (IgG) (AUC=0.753) for SNAPS diagnosis was the biggest among the four antibodies, and the second was aβ2-GPI (IgA) (AUC=0.725). A positive correlation was found in SNAPS group between presence of venous thrombosis and aPS/PT (IgG) (OR=5.54, 95% CI 1.67-17.33, P=0.003) or aβ2-GPI (IgA) (OR=3.43, 95% CI 0.86-11.53, P=0.041), and also found between pregnancy loss and aPS/PT (IgM) (OR=5.11, 95% CI 1.31-21.29, P=0.004). Conclusion • aPS/PT (IgG/IgM) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) can be used as potential complementary indicators for laboratory diagnosis of SNAPS, and aPS/PT (IgG/IgM) is also valuable for clinical evaluation of the risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in SNAPS patients.